Jamaican Meat Patties

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Freshly ground black pepper

3/4 cup water or beef stock

3 tablespoons Jamaican rum

To assemble the patties:

Flour for rolling out the dough

2 egg yolks, beaten with 1 teaspoon of rum

1 1/2 teaspoons salt

For the pastry:

4 cups all-purpose flour

2 teaspoons dried turmeric or annatto

2 teaspoons salt

8 tablespoons vegetable shortening

4 ounces (1 stick) unsalted butter, cold

1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons cold water

For the filling:

2 tablespoons vegetable oil or butter

1 large onion, finely chopped (1 1/2 cups chopped)

6 cloves garlic, minced

1 tablespoon finely chopped fresh ginger

1 pound ground beef

1/4 teaspoon ground turmeric or annatto

3/4 teaspoon ground cumin

3/4 teaspoon ground allspice

1/2 teaspoon ground cardamom

1 scotch bonnet pepper, seeded and finely chopped, optional

2 sprigs fresh thyme, finely chopped

3 scallions, finely chopped

1 tablespoon finely chopped parsley

1 pound ripe tomatoes, peeled and finely chopped