Toss the cabbage with the sprouts, chives and apples in a small bowl.
Whisk the buttermilk with the vinegar and oil in a separate small bowl. Pour the dressing over the salad, add 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper and toss well.
Chill, covered, for about 1 hour. Toss well and season with additional salt and pepper.