Ching's Classic Beef Noodle Soup

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1 quart vegetable or beef stock

2 tablespoons peanut or vegetable oil

1 large shallot, finely chopped

1/2 yellow onion, chopped

2 tablespoons grated fresh ginger

2 cloves garlic, finely chopped

1 red chile, stemmed, seeded and chopped

1 red Thai bird chile, stemmed, seeded and chopped

7 ounces beef chuck roast or boneless shin, chopped into 1/2-inch pieces

4 ounces dried flat udon noodles

1 small carrot, chopped

2 teaspoons light brown sugar

1 teaspoon chili bean sauce, plus more as needed

1 teaspoon dark soy sauce

1 teaspoon cornstarch mixed with 2 teaspoons water

1 small Romaine lettuce heart, sliced into 1/2-inch ribbons

2 scallions, chopped

Small handful fresh cilantro leaves, chopped